We could begin with the spiralling drug death rate, the funding of terrorism, or the heightened number of twenty-somethings staggering into A&E with chest pains. Or we could start with a successful, sensible Manchester bar owner whose response to questioning for this feature was, “for God’s sake, it’s not like coke does any real harm. Everybody does it. And there you have the cocaine situation in Manchester wrapped up. According to recent figures, around 7% of the under-30 population takes cocaine. You can take that figure and multiply it by whatever you like, though, when it comes to city centre revellers at Christmas.
Its availability, coupled with a drop in price to around £40 a gram means that while back in the ‘80s it was the drug of city boys and celebrities, it’s now just part of a big night out. “Over the 20 years I’ve been going out in Manchester, coke use has increased incredibly,†says local businessman Paul Cookson*, 37. “The majority of people will have a line- I know plenty of people who’ll never say no to a free toot.†And tougher rules at nightclubs and bars, coupled with every anti-drugs device the police and owners can come up with- including sniffer dogs on the door with the bouncers, sloping toilet cisterns, and even spraying surfaces with WD40- the drug sticks to it and is rendered useless haven’t had any visible impact on the number of users happily chopping it out.
“I’ve noticed that everyone seems to do coke in Manchester,†agrees PR executive Sue Pearson*, 32, “it goes from hoodie kids to middle aged professionals, and there are two prices- for high and low quality- as well. I think e culture brought drugs into the mainstream.â€
It’s true that coke users were once easy to spot- gabbling, tense, and always in the toilet at parties- but “it’s certainly not as stigmatized as it was 15 years ago,†admits Paul. “It’s no longer associated with the seedy image of a deal on a street corner,†agrees GP Dr Kath White, from city centre clinic Octopus Health. “Instead, it appears to be readily available through social networks which in the past were more associated with drugs like cannabis.†Government campaigns have failed to make an impact, while drugs charities such as Frank and Lifeline are inundated with calls from users who’ve seen their little social habit spiral into something much more dangerous. Received wisdom says that cocaine’s not addictive. “In fact, new users often become quickly addicted to the feeling of increased energy,†explains Dr White. The effects on the brain may be shortterm, but most users find themselves wanting it again whenever they’re in circumstances associated with the drug- parties, bars, or simply with a group of fellow coke-takers. “No one wakes up the next morning craving another line,†says Sue, “but I’ve been a really regular user in the past , and I know how easy it would be to creep back into that behaviour. I keep my usage down to once a month or less, but some weekends that means not going out at all in order to avoid it- I find it almost impossible to say no after a few drinks.â€
“I often wish I’d never tried it,†adds Paul. “It’s a very insidious drug, it creeps up on you.â€
“Cocaine is a very fast-acting drug, so a user gets high and euphoric very quickly,†explains addiction counsellor Don Serratt of Lifeworks drug support charity, “but the comedown is very fast as well, so the user feels they need to do more and more to stay “upâ€.†That’s why, when the night’s supply runs out early, the phone calls will get increasingly frantic, as everyone tries to stave off the inevitable crash. “Some nights you can’t turn round for someone offering you a line,†says Sue’s friend Jane Kelly,
30, a music PR, “but when it’s dry, you can spend the whole night searching until you give up and go home – much earlier than you would have otherwise.†When it becomes the focus of the night, thinks Don, you have a problem. “The simple definition of an addiction is to continue to do something in spite of negative consequences,†he explains. “They can be legal, financial, relationships, career or health-based. But all can be devastating.â€
“The medical consequences of taking cocaine are many,†adds Dr White. “Regular use leads to a rise in tolerance, requiring higher doses to repeat the same effect. Sensitivity to the drug’s effects also increase, so damage can occur from lower doses.â€
Short term effects familiar to all coke-takers are increased blood pressure, constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, mental alertness, increased energy, decreased appetite and an increased heart beat. But, “long term use leads to an increasing tolerance and can result in major complications,†warns Dr White. “Heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures – and convulsions, nausea, chest pain, fever, muscles spasms and even coma.†And that’s without even mentioning the Daniella Effect. “The damage that occurs to nasal cartilage is well documented,†says Dr White, “with frequent users sometimes destroying the cartilage altogether.†When pressed, Sue admits she has worried about her own- and friends’ excessive use, while Paul adds, “The intake of a good friend of mine is frightening- it’s daily. My own’s not in the same league- I’m lucky enough to be able to say ‘no’ on a night out at this point.†“Lucky†is one word- sane may be another. Combined with alcohol (which it nearly always is), cocaine creates a toxic compound, cocaethylene, which makes a heart attack 18 times more likely than a booze binge on its own. But, “most people don’t want to think about the risks,†says Don Serratt, “if everyone around you is doing coke, it becomes normalised, and it’s much harder to believe that it can be dangerous.†Besides, it’s not the serious health risks that generally bother twenty and thirty somethings it’s the hangovers.
“Coke keeps me teetering on that fine line between pleasantly drunk and pissed for much longer.,†says Jane. “That’s the upside – the downside is that it makes you feel wired which means you have to drink more. The hangovers are terrible because the coke kept you drinking, so you’re more likely to have serious alcohol poisoning the day after. Then, there’s often a real ‘downer’ day- sometimes two.†A hangover’s easily forgotten though- less easy to dismiss is the risk of arrest and imprisonment for possession.
“Yeah, right,†says Sue, on hearing that possession for personal use carries a maximum of seven years in jail. “They’re hardly going to put me in prison for half a gram, are they?†But they could. Cocaine is a class A drug which means that the maximum sentence for possession with intent to supply is life- though more common is six months in jail, or a £5000 fine. It’s not quite the knowing blind eye most middle-class cokeheads expect from the police. Meanwhile, Manchester bar and club owners are waging their own war. “We all know the media industry in particular is notorious for coke,†says Deepa Parekh, of private media hangout The Circle Club, “but we have a zero tolerance policy on it. We’ll ask anyone we suspect is taking drugs on the premises to leave.â€
The club also works with the police to identify dealers – “we now have a toilet attendant to ensure nobody goes in twos. As venues, we can only do so much without putting cameras in the toilets,†she adds, “even if I’m tempted to.†A tougher policy is in place at other venues customer searches, sniffer dogs on the door, and instant arrest are just some of the options being trialled in Manchester. “I just don’t ever think about the fact that it’s illegal,†says Jane, “there are always way to do it without anyone knowing.†And the wider implications of funding the cocaine industry don’t register much either. “The exploitation of the people who have no choice but to work in this industry in Colombia, or the fact that it may fund terrorism, does disturb me,†admits Paul, “but I still take it when offered, like all fat, comfy Westerners. I’m as riddled with hypocrisy as the next man.â€
“I don’t ever think about it,†says Sue. “The drug industry is probably used by the government as a political bargaining chip anyway.â€
“Will the government ever get rid of it?†says one Manchester bar owner (and occasional user) who declined to be named. “Honestly? Not a chance in hell.â€
*some names have been changed to protect the guilty.
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